Charles Gilbert Chaddock (November 14, 1861 – July 20, 1936) was an American

neurologist Neurology (from el, νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the brain, the spinal c ...

psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry, the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. Psychiatrists are physicians and evaluate patients to determine whether their sy ...

, and

translator Translation is the communication of the Meaning (linguistic), meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The ...

. He is remembered for describing the

Chaddock reflex The Chaddock reflex is a diagnostic reflex similar to the Plantar reflex#Babinski-like responses, Babinski reflex. Chaddock's sign is present when stroking of the lateral malleolus causes extension of the great toe, indicating damage to the cortico ...

and is credited with the coinage of the terms ''

bisexuality Bisexuality is a romantic or sexual attraction or behavior toward both males and females, or to more than one gender. It may also be defined to include romantic or sexual attraction to people regardless of their sex or gender identity, whic ...

'', ''

heterosexuality Heterosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between people of the opposite sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, heterosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" to ...

'', and ''

homosexuality Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" to peop ...

'' in the

English language English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the is ...

Biography

Charles Gilbert Chaddock was born on November 14, 1861 in

Jonesville, Michigan Jonesville is a city in Hillsdale County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,176 at the 2020 census. History The area was first settled by brothers Benaiah and Edmund Jones, who came here from Painesville, Ohio in 1828 and purch ...

. In 1885, he graduated from the University of Michigan College of Medicine and Surgery, then worked at the North Michigan Asylum in

Traverse City Traverse City ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Grand Traverse County, although a small portion extends into Leelanau County. It is the largest city in the 21-county Northern Michigan region. The population was ...

as a staff physician. From 1889 to 1890, Chaddock studied in Munich. On his return, he again worked at the Asylum, before, in 1892, becoming Professor of Nervous and Mental Diseases at Marion-Sims College, which later became part of the

Saint Louis University School of Medicine Saint Louis University School of Medicine is a private, Jesuit medical school. Part of Saint Louis University, the institution was established in 1836. The school has an enrollment of around 700, with about 550 faculty members and 550 residents in ...

. He married Adelaide Gowans MacPherson in 1890. Baddock returned to Europe in 1897, spending most of the time as assistant to

Joseph Babinski Joseph Jules François Félix Babinski ( pl, Józef Julian Franciszek Feliks Babiński; 17 November 1857 – 29 October 1932) was a French- Polish professor of neurology. He is best known for his 1896 description of the Babinski sign, a pathologi ...

. On his return to the United States in 1899, Chaddock introduced American physicians to

Babinski's sign The plantar reflex is a reflex elicited when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. The reflex can take one of two forms. In healthy adults, the plantar reflex causes a downward response of the hallux (flexion). An upward r ...

, later publishing a translation of Babinski's work. Chaddock introduced his eponymous reflex in 1911, calling it the ''External Malleolar sign''. He also described an analogous sign in the upper limb. Chaddock died on July 20, 1936. He was interred by a Protestant reverend in Oakwood Cemetery,

Allegan, Michigan Allegan ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Its population was 5,222 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Allegan County. It lies within Allegan Township but is administratively autonomous. History The men after whom Allegan's ...

Legacy

Chaddock is credited with the first use of the words ''

'' and ''

'' in the

, as well as the first use of the word ''

'' in its sense of being sexually attracted to both women and men, in his translation of Richard von Krafft-Ebing's ''

Psychopathia Sexualis ''Psychopathia Sexualis: eine Klinisch-Forensische Studie'' (''Sexual Psychopathy: A Clinical-Forensic Study'', also known as ''Psychopathia Sexualis, with Especial Reference to the Antipathetic Sexual Instinct: A Medico-forensic Study'') is an ...

'' in 1892. Prior to Von Krafft-Ebing's new use of the term, "bisexual" was usually used to refer to

hermaphroditic In reproductive biology, a hermaphrodite () is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with male and female sexes. Many taxonomic groups of animals (mostly invertebrates) do not have separ ...

plants, that is having both male and female reproductive structures, or to refer to mixed-sex situations such as schools.

References

External links

* *
Works by or about Charles Gilbert Chaddock
at the Online Books Page * {{DEFAULTSORT:Chaddock, Charles Gilbert 1861 births 1936 deaths 19th-century American physicians 19th-century American translators 20th-century American physicians 20th-century American translators American neurologists American psychiatrists People from Jonesville, Michigan Saint Louis University faculty University of Michigan Medical School alumni